Integrating E-Commerce and Data Mining: Architecture and Challenges

We show that the e-commerce domain can provide all the right ingredients for successful data mining and claim that it is a killer domain for data mining. We describe an integrated architecture, based on our expe-rience at Blue Martini Software, for supporting this integration. The architecture can dramatically reduce the pre-processing, cleaning, and data understanding effort often documented to take 80% of the time in knowledge discovery projects. We emphasize the need for data collection at the application server layer (not the web server) in order to support logging of data and metadata that is essential to the discovery process. We describe the data transformation bridges required from the transaction processing systems and customer event streams (e.g., clickstreams) to the data warehouse. We detail the mining workbench, which needs to provide multiple views of the data through reporting, data mining algorithms, visualization, and OLAP. We con-clude with a set of challenges.Comment: KDD workshop: WebKDD 200

Occult nodal metastasis in oral cavity cancers

Introduction: In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, there is always a risk of occult metastasis to neck nodes in the clinically and radiologically negative neck (N0). Therefore, elective neck dissection (END) has ever been under discussion since the beginning of their routine use for the management of neck for oral carcinomas. The purpose of the current study is to identify the percentage of occult nodal metastasis to neck levels I-V in the cases of oral carcinoma who were treated for the N0 with END.Methods: Patients who were treated between June 2005 and May 2010 with END from neck levels I to V for the management of N0 with oral SCC had been identified from the database of Aga Khan University Hospital. Those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Using descriptive statistics, the mean was computed for the quantitative variable (age). Frequencies and percentages were calculated for gender, site, tumor grade, and lymph node involvement for each neck level.Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. There were 38 males and 12 females. The mean age was 47 (range 25-72). The most common site of the tumor was buccal mucosa in 50% of the cases followed by tongue 20%, then floor of mouth 14%, dentoalveolar ridge 8%, retromolar area 4%, lip 2%, and hard palate 2%. Histopathological grading of tumors showed well-differentiated 28%, moderately differentiated 33%, and poorly differentiated 6%. Twenty-seven out of 50 patients were found positive for nodal metastasis on final postoperative histopathology. Neck node metastasis at level I was found in 22 patients, at level II in 16 patients, at level III in seven patients, and at level IV in two patients. The level V was found free of metastasis in all of the cases.Conclusion: The rate of occult metastatic disease to the neck nodes was similar to that found in the literature. Both early and advanced local disease is associated with a risk of occult metastasis. END for neck levels I-V is, therefore, recommended for the management of the N0 in all cases of oral SCCs. Spread to levels IV and V is rare and these levels should not be a part of routine END

Projectile Break-up Effect on Fusion in 16O + 156Gd Reaction at Energy Range 4.3-6.3 MeV/A

103-108We discuss our present understanding of the incomplete fusion (ICF) reaction dynamics, the excitation function of six evaporation residues (ERs) have been measured in 16O + 156Gd reaction at projectile energy range, E/A ~ 4.3-6.3 MeV/Nucleon. Some of the ERs are produced directly & indirectly (i.e. through pre-cursor), the pre-cursor contributions have been separated out from the measured cumulative cross-section with the help of Cavinato et al.1. After correcting the pre-cursor contribution, the independent yield has been compared with the statistical model code PACE-22, which describes the fusion reaction cross section. In order to optimize the parameter of the code PACE-2 that reproduces the cross section of all the complete fusion (CF) channels like xn and /or pxn-channels. Using the same set of input parameters, cross section of the ERs populated via incomplete fusion (ICF) channels have been measured. The enhancement in the measured cross section of the ERs populated via ICF channels over the PACE-2 prediction have been measured, which indicates the occurrence of the break-up of projectile 16O into (12C+α) and/or (8Be+2α) leading to ICF reaction dynamics

Projectile Break-up Effect on Fusion in 16O + 156Gd Reaction at Energy Range 4.3-6.3 MeV/A

We discuss our present understanding of the incomplete fusion (ICF) reaction dynamics, the excitation function of six evaporation residues (ERs) have been measured in 16O + 156Gd reaction at projectile energy range, E/A ~ 4.3-6.3 MeV/Nucleon. Some of the ERs are produced directly & indirectly (i.e. through pre-cursor), the pre-cursor contributions have been separated out from the measured cumulative cross-section with the help of Cavinato et al.1. After correcting the pre-cursor contribution, the independent yield has been compared with the statistical model code PACE-22, which describes the fusion reaction cross section. In order to optimize the parameter of the code PACE-2 that reproduces the cross section of all the complete fusion (CF) channels like xn and /or pxn-channels. Using the same set of input parameters, cross section of the ERs populated via incomplete fusion (ICF) channels have been measured. The enhancement in the measured cross section of the ERs populated via ICF channels over the PACE-2 prediction have been measured, which indicates the occurrence of the break-up of projectile 16O into (12C+α) and/or (8Be+2α) leading to ICF reaction dynamics

Disentangling of incomplete fusion dynamics at low energies ≈ 4-6 MeV/A

An experiment has been performed for the measurements of forward recoil range distributions (FRRDs) of evaporation residues (ERs) using 16O beam on the target 148Nd to explore the incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics at low projectile energy ≈ 4-6 MeV/A. In the present work, FRRDs of ERs 159,158Er(xn), 160g,159Ho(pxn), 157,155Dy(αxn) and 155Tb(αpxn) have been measured. The measured FRRDs of ERs have been compared with their theoretical mean ranges, calculated using code SRIM. These present results obtained from FRRDs measurements show that full and partial linear momentum transfer components are involved. This indicates that the ERs populated through α-emission channels are not only produced via complete fusion, but also through incomplete fusion dynamics. The present analysis indicates that the incomplete fusion contribution increases with projectile energy. This increment in incomplete fusion contribution is due to the increase in breakup probability of projectile 16O into 12C + 4He/ α with projectile energy

Disentangling of incomplete fusion dynamics at low energies ≈ 4-6 MeV/A

371-375An experiment has been performed for the measurements of forward recoil range distributions (FRRDs) of evaporation residues (ERs) using 16O beam on the target 148Nd to explore the incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics at low projectile energy ≈ 4-6 MeV/A. In the present work, FRRDs of ERs 159,158Er(xn), 160g,159Ho(pxn), 157,155Dy(αxn) and 155Tb(αpxn) have been measured. The measured FRRDs of ERs have been compared with their theoretical mean ranges, calculated using code SRIM. These present results obtained from FRRDs measurements show that full and partial linear momentum transfer components are involved. This indicates that the ERs populated through α-emission channels are not only produced via complete fusion, but also through incomplete fusion dynamics. The present analysis indicates that the incomplete fusion contribution increases with projectile energy. This increment in incomplete fusion contribution is due to the increase in breakup probability of projectile 16O into 12C + 4He/ α with projectile energy

Effect of projectile breakup in the system 19F + 154Sm

386-391An attempt was made to understand the role of various entrance channel parameters on incomplete fusion dynamics by the measurements of excitation functions of evaporation residues populated via complete and incomplete fusion dynamics in the system 19F + 154Sm at projectile energy ≈ 4-6 MeV/A. The stacked foil activation technique followed by offline gamma ray spectrometry was employed in these measurements. The measured excitation functions of various evaporation residues populated have been analyzed within the framework of statistical model code PACE-4. It has been observed that the measured excitation functions of xn and pxn emission channels agree well with the theoretical predictions of PACE-4. On the other hand, the measured excitation functions of α-emission channels have been found significantly enhanced over their theoretical predictions. This enhancement may be attributed to the incomplete fusion of the projectile 19F as the calculations for incomplete fusion are not included in statistical model calculations. The incomplete fusion fraction has been deduced from the present measurements. Further, a systematic study has also been performed, which shows that the incomplete fusion increases significantly with entrance channel mass asymmetry at low projectile energy, differently for different projectiles

Effect of projectile breakup in the system 19F + 154Sm

An attempt was made to understand the role of various entrance channel parameters on incomplete fusion dynamics by the measurements of excitation functions of evaporation residues populated via complete and incomplete fusion dynamics in the system 19F + 154Sm at projectile energy ≈ 4-6 MeV/A. The stacked foil activation technique followed by offline gamma ray spectrometry was employed in these measurements. The measured excitation functions of various evaporation residues populated have been analyzed within the framework of statistical model code PACE-4. It has been observed that the measured excitation functions of xn and pxn emission channels agree well with the theoretical predictions of PACE-4. On the other hand, the measured excitation functions of α-emission channels have been found significantly enhanced over their theoretical predictions. This enhancement may be attributed to the incomplete fusion of the projectile 19F as the calculations for incomplete fusion are not included in statistical model calculations. The incomplete fusion fraction has been deduced from the present measurements. Further, a systematic study has also been performed, which shows that the incomplete fusion increases significantly with entrance channel mass asymmetry at low projectile energy, differently for different projectiles

Concurrent Proinflammatory and Apoptotic Activity of a Helicobacter pylori Protein (HP986) Points to Its Role in Chronic Persistence

Helicobacter pylori induces cytokine mediated changes in gastroduodenal pathophysiology, wherein, the activated macrophages at the sub-mucosal space play a central role in mounting innate immune response against the antigens. The bacterium gains niche through persistent inflammation and local immune-suppression causing peptic ulcer disease or chronic gastritis; the latter being a significant risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. What favors persistence of H. pylori in the gastric niches is not clearly understood. We report detailed characterization of a functionally unknown gene (HP986), which was detected in patient isolates associated with peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Expression and purification of recombinant HP986 (rHP986) revealed a novel, ∼29 kDa protein in biologically active form which associates with significant levels of humoral immune responses in diseased individuals (p<0.001). Also, it induced significant levels of TNF-α and Interleukin-8 in cultured human macrophages concurrent to the translocation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB). Further, the rHP986 induced apoptosis of cultured macrophages through a Fas mediated pathway. Dissection of the underlying signaling mechanism revealed that rHP986 induces both TNFR1 and Fas expression to lead to apoptosis. We further demonstrated interaction of HP986 with TNFR1 through computational and experimental approaches. Independent proinflammatory and apoptotic responses triggered by rHP986 as shown in this study point to its role, possibly as a survival strategy to gain niche through inflammation and to counter the activated macrophages to avoid clearance